Ethnic Differentials in Childhood Mortality in Nigeria

Olufunke Fayehun, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Obafemi Omololu, University of Ibadan

This study hypothesized that specific socio-cultural practices vary among different ethnic groups and could affect childhood mortality. Secondary data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2003 were complemented with 40 focus group discussions and 40 in-depth interviews among selected ethnic groups in Nigeria. An examination of the Direct Estimates and Cox regression on childhood mortality indicate significant difference with ethnic groups in the northern part of Nigeria having the highest risk. There is also a significant effect of demographic and socioeconomic variables on childhood mortality. The values placed on children among all ethnic groups are reflected in different socio-cultural beliefs and practices with significant influence of urban residence and education of mothers. Although, the assumption that specific socio cultural practices might be salient to exposure of children under-five to health childhood mortality was supported in the study, the differences observed are more of a reflection of mother’s socioeconomic variables.